Degree of Comparison

একাদশ- দ্বাদশ শ্রেণি - English English Grammar & Composition | - | NCTB BOOK
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Degree of Comparison

দোষ, গুণ বা অবস্থার তারতম্য বুঝাতে Adjective-এর যে রূপান্তর হয় তাকে Comparison of Adjectives অথবা Degree of Comparison বলে । Degree তিন প্রকার। 

1, Positive Degree, যা কোনো তুলনা না বুঝিয়ে সাধারণভাবে দোষ, গুণ বা অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে। যেমন Good, beautiful 

2. Comparative Degree দ্বারা দুয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝানো হয়। যেমন— better, more beautiful 

3. Superlative Degree দ্বারা দুয়ের অধিক ব্যক্তি/বস্তুর তুলনা করে দোষ, গুণ বা অবস্থার সর্বোচ্চ সীমাকে বোঝায়। যেমন— Best, most beautiful । 

কিছু কিছু Adjective আছে যাদের Comparison হয় না। আবার কিছু কিছু আছে সেগুলো Degree করার কিছু নিয়ম আছে, সেগুলো Degree করার পর ভিন্ন রূপ ধারণ করে। যেমন— Perfect শব্দটির degree হয় না। অন্যদিকে good শব্দটি degree করার পর ভিন্ন রূপ better bent ধারণ করে।

 

1. Positive Degree-এর ক্ষেত্রে দুই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে সাদৃশ্য বুঝাতে হ্যাঁ-বোধক বাক্যে as........as এবং বৈসাদৃশ্য (অমিল) বুঝাতে না-বোধক বাক্যে so/as....... as ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Babu is as tall as his brother. 

 

2. As.....…as, so.....…as-এর পর pronoun আসলে Informal English-এ Objective pronoun হয়। কিন্তু Formal English-এ  Subjective form হয়।

যদি দুটি উত্তরই দেয়া থাকে তাহলে Subjective form নির্বাচন করাই শ্রেয়।

Rahim is as tall as I. 

 

3. সাধারণত এক Syllable বিশিষ্ট Adjective-এর শেষে er যোগ করে এবং দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable যুক্ত Adjective-এর আগে more যুক্ত করে Comparative degree তৈরি করা হয়। Comparative-এর পর than বসে এবং এর পর Pronoun-এর Nominative (Subjective) form বসে।

 Your book is finer than this. 


4. Comparative-এর পূর্বে সাধারণত the বসে না। কিন্তু দুটি ব্যক্তি/বস্তুর তুলনা করতে two শব্দটি উল্লেখ থাকলে Comparative Adjective-এর পূর্বে the বসে।

 

 5. একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর বিভিন্ন গুণের তুলনা করতে ১ম গুণ তথা adjective-এর পূর্বে সর্বদা more বসে । কখনই adjectiveটির সাথে er/ r যোগ হয় না। 

He is more good than bad. 

 

 6.. সমানুপাতিক বৃদ্ধি বা হ্রাস প্রকাশ করতে the + comparative degree…..+ the +comparative degree….এই Structureটি ব্যবহৃত হয়।

The more you read, the more you learn.

 

7. Prefer, Preferable: Prefer এর পর একটি মাত্র  Verb আসলে infinitive হয়। যেমন— I prefer to do it. কিন্তু prefer-এর পর দুটি verb আসলে তাদের সাথে ing যুক্ত হয় এবং উভয় Verb-এর মাঝে to বসে। উল্লেখ্য, তুলনার সময় prefers preferable-এর পর than না বসে to বসে।

I prefer death to dishonour. 

 Death is preferable to dishonour. 

 

8. Prefer শব্দটি নিজেই Comparative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। তাই এর আগে বা পরে more যোগ করার প্রয়োজন নেই।

 What do you prefer?

 

9. Very and Much : সাধারণত Positive Degree-এর পূর্বে Comparative Degree-এর পূর্বে much বসে।

-The question is very easy.

-The question is much easier.

 

10. Latin comparatives তথা senior, junior, inferior, superior, prior, ulterior, posterior ইত্যাদির পর than না বসে to বসে।

 

11. Less and Fewer: এ দুটিই comparative degree এবং এদের অর্থও এক। তবে less ব্যবহৃত হয় uncountable noun এর সাথে আর fewer ব্যবহৃত হয়

There were fewer guests than I expected.

 

12. কোনো বাক্যে as...... as ও comparative উভয়ই থাকলে প্রথমে as .... as এবং পরে Comparative বসে। 

 She was as pretty as if not prettier than any other girl at the party.

 

13. এক Syllable বিশিষ্ট adjective-এর সাথে est এবং দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable যুক্ত adjective-এর সাথে most যুক্ত করে superlative degree তৈরি করা হয়। Superlative degree-এর পূর্বে সর্বদা the বসে এবং পরে of বসে; পরে স্থান থাকলে তার আগে in বসে।

He is the happiest child of all. 

 

14. One of এর পর Noun Plural হয় ।

▸He is one of the rudest men I've ever met

 

15. Perfect, supreme, false, complete, unique, universal প্রভুটি শব্দ নিজেরাই  Superlative অর্থ প্রদান করে বলে এদের পূর্বে most বা অন্য কোনো qualifier বসে না।

This is a unique opportunity.


 

16. একই বাক্যে একই Noun কে গুণান্বিত করার জন্য একাধিক Adjective ব্যবহৃত হলে প্রত্যেকটির সাথেই degree of comparison ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 

Raju is more intelligent and taller than Rana.

My pen is superior to and costlier than yours.

 

17. ইংরেজিতে Double comparative বা Double superlative ব্যবহৃত হয় না। অর্থাৎ একই Adjective-এর সাথে একাধিক Comparative Superlative degree ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।

He is better today.

 

18. কিছু কিছু Adjectives আছে যাদের Comparative Superlative forms একটু ভিন্নরকম। এগুলো খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিধায় মুখস্থ করে রাখা ভালো।

PositiveComparativeSuperlative
bad, evil, illworseworst
good, wellbetterbest
littlelessleast
much/manymoremost
foreformerforemost,first
hindhinderhindermost
latelaterlatest
latelatterlast
oldolder/elderoldest,eldest

 

19. কোনো Sentence-এ একই জাতীয় noun ভিন্ন কোনো noun-এর সাথে সম্পর্কযুক্ত হয়ে তাদের মধ্যে তুলনা করা হলে পূর্ববর্তী সমজাতীয় noun-এর পুনরাবৃত্তি না করে তার পরিবর্তে (singular/ uncountable noun হলে ) that of এবং plural those of বসে।

(i) The rice of Barisal is better than that of Dinajpur.

(ii) The roads of Dhaka are better than those of Khulna. 

 

20.  Older, elder, oldest, eldest:  এই শব্দগুলর অর্থ খুব কাছাকাছি হলেও পার্থক্য রয়েছে । একই পরিবারভুক্ত ব্যক্তিবর্গের ক্ষেত্রে elder/eldest ব্যবহার করা হয় এবং older/oldest ব্যবহার করা হয় অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে।

-Bablu is my elder brother.

-My eldest sister lives in Dhaka.

-Reza is the oldest man in our village.

common.content_added_by

# বহুনির্বাচনী প্রশ্ন

Iron is useful metal
Very few metals are so useful metals as iron
Iron is more useful metal
Iron is more useful metals
No other player is as good in the team as he
He is as good as other players
No other player is as better in the team as he
No other player was as good in the team as he
but work experience
also work experience
but also work experience
but more work experience

Positive Degree

390
390

Positive degree:

যে adjective দ্বারা কোনো ব্যক্তি, কোনো বস্তু বা প্রাণির সাধারন গুণ বোঝায়, যা দ্বারা কারও সাথে তুলনা করা বোঝায় না, তাকে Positive degree বলে ।

Positive degree -এর  structure:

Subject + verb + article (a / an ) + adjective এর positive form + noun.

Subject + verb + adjective a positive form.

Example:

He is a smart boy.

The iron is expensive.

A tiger is a ferocious animal.

Degree পরিবর্তনের পূর্ব শর্ত, adjective এর তিনটি form সম্বন্ধে জানা।

Positive ComparativeSuperlative
Talltallertallest
Richricherrichest
Shortshortershortest
FatfatterFattest
Thinthinnerthinnest
Easyeasiereasiest
Gaygayergayest
Beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful
Manymuchmore

 

common.content_added_and_updated_by

# বহুনির্বাচনী প্রশ্ন

Telephone calls are as cheaper as it.
Telephone calls are not as cheaper as it.
Telephone calls are cheaper as it.
Telephone calls are not as cheap as E-mail.

Comparative Degree

684
684

Comparative degree:

Adjective যখন দুইটি ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা প্রাণীর মধ্যে তুলনা করা বোঝায়, তখন adjective এর যে form বা রূপটি ব্যবহার করা হয়, তাকে Comparative degree বলে।

Comparative degree এর  structure: 

Subject + verb + adjective a comparative form + than + noun

For example:

Rana is smarter than Rabbi. 

She is taller than her sister.

He is more outstanding than she. 

common.content_added_by

# বহুনির্বাচনী প্রশ্ন

He is intelligent that nay other boy in the class.
No other boy in the class is intelligent as like him
No other boy in the class is more intelligent than he is
He is at least more intelligent than any other by boy in the class
He is less intelligent than any other boy in the class .
No other boy in the class is intelligent as like him.
No other boy in the class is more intelligent than he is .
He is at least more intelligent than any other boy in the class.
He is less intelligent than any other boy in the class
No other boy in the class in intelligent as like him
No other boy in the class is more intelligent than he is-
He is at least more intelligent than any other boy in the class

Superlative Degree

1.3k
1.3k

Superlative degree:

যখন দুই এর অধিক ব্যক্তি, বন্ধ বা প্রাণির মধ্যে তুলনা করা হয়, তখন adjective of form টি ব্যবহার করা হয়, তাকে Superlative degree বলে।

Superlative degree-এর   structure:

 Subject + verb + the+ adjective superlative form + preposition(in/of/among) +  noun.

For example:

She is the prettiest girl in the class.

Rita is the wisest among all the students. 

 

Degree পরিবর্তনের পূর্ব শর্ত, adjective এর তিনটি form সম্বন্ধে জানা।

Positive ComparativeSuperlative
Talltallertallest
Richricherrichest
Shortshortershortest
FatfatterFattest
Thinthinnerthinnest
Easyeasiereasiest
Gaygayergayest
Beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful
Manymuchmore
common.content_added_and_updated_by

# বহুনির্বাচনী প্রশ্ন

He is better than anyother man in the village
He is best man
He is the best man in the village
He is good man
He declared that he was innocent.
Foreign travel is more pleasant than most of other things.
They saw that the drunker porter was lying on the floor.
Hamlet is one of the most popular dramas.
The richest are the happiest men
The rich of the society are not more happier than others.
The richest are one of the happiest
The happiest are the rich of the society
The richest men of our society are not the happiest men
Careful
Carefulled
Most carefully
More careful
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app150μsselect `id`, `user_id`, `completeable_type`, `completeable_id`, `complete_progress`, `is_complete` from `completes` where `completes`.`completeable_id` in (15155, 15169, 15170, 15171) and `completes`.`completeable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject'
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `show_content`, `des_added_by`, `des_updated_by`, `author_name`, `link_subject_id` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (700, 9755, 9756, 13996) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app190μsselect `id`, `description`, `short_description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (700, 9755, 9756, 13996) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `name`, `avatar` from `users` where `users`.`id` in (30549) and `users`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app1msselect * from (select `questions`.`id`, `questions`.`subject_id`, `questions`.`category_id`, `questions`.`sub_category_id`, `questions`.`board_exam_id`, `questions`.`passage_id`, `questions`.`question_type`, `questions`.`question`, `questions`.`is_duplicate`, `questions`.`status`, `questions`.`image`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, row_number() over (partition by `subjectables`.`subject_id` order by `questions`.`created_at` desc) as `laravel_row` from `questions` inner join `subjectables` on `questions`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` where `subjectables`.`subject_id` in (15155, 15169, 15170, 15171) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `questions`.`status` = 'active' and `questions`.`deleted_at` is null) as `laravel_table` where `laravel_row` <= 5 order by `laravel_row`
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        • 1: active
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app400μsselect `id`, `question_id`, `option_1`, `option_2`, `option_3`, `option_4`, `option_5`, `image_option`, `image_question`, `answer` from `question_options` where `question_options`.`question_id` in (85790, 88728, 89565, 108524, 144086, 153412, 195980, 197633, 246357, 246862, 247404, 247612, 248136, 252362, 252886, 252939) and `question_options`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `id`, `name`, `slug` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (73) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app370μsselect `subjects`.`id`, `subjects`.`name`, `subjects`.`slug`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` as `pivot_subjectable_id`, `subjectables`.`subject_id` as `pivot_subject_id`, `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` as `pivot_subjectable_type`, `subjectables`.`created_user_id` as `pivot_created_user_id`, `subjectables`.`deleted_at` as `pivot_deleted_at`, `subjectables`.`status` as `pivot_status`, `subjectables`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `subjectables`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `subjects` inner join `subjectables` on `subjects`.`id` = `subjectables`.`subject_id` where `subjectables`.`subjectable_id` in (85790, 88728, 89565, 108524, 144086, 153412, 195980, 197633, 246357, 246862, 247404, 247612, 248136, 252362, 252886, 252939) and `subjectables`.`subjectable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Question' and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Question
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `id`, `title`, `passage` from `passages` where `passages`.`id` in (0) and `passages`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:285
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • SubjectRepository.php#122satt_satt_mobile_app160μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 15155 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 15155
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#125satt_satt_mobile_app7.5msselect `id`, `name`, `slug`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where (14173 between `subjects`.`_lft` and `subjects`.`_rgt` and `subjects`.`id` <> 15155) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null order by `_lft` asc
        Bindings
        • 0: 14173
        • 1: 15155
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:125
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:121
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:60
      • SubjectRepository.php#137satt_satt_mobile_app170μsselect * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 15155 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 15155
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:137
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app130μsselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `slug`, `meta_og_title`, `meta_keyword`, `meta_description` from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` = 14975 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 14975
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • SubjectRepository.php#140satt_satt_mobile_app130μsselect `id`, `description`, `subject_id` from `subject_descriptions` where `subject_descriptions`.`subject_id` in (14975) and `subject_descriptions`.`deleted_at` is null
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:140
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:136
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:61
      • QueryBuilder.php#38satt_satt_mobile_app110μsselect `_lft`, `_rgt` from `subjects` where `id` = 73 limit 1
        Bindings
        • 0: 73
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:38
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:60
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:235
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:227
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
      • QueryBuilder.php#305satt_satt_mobile_app1.04msselect `id`, `name`, `parent_id`, `_lft`, `_rgt`, `name`, `slug`, `icon`, `banner` from `subjects` where (`subjects`.`_lft` between 12975 and 14312) and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 12975
        • 1: 14312
        Backtrace
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:305
        • vendor/kalnoy/nestedset/src/QueryBuilder.php:321
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:293
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:427
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:453
      • SubjectRepository.php#325satt_satt_mobile_app170μsselect * from `mediables` where `mediable_type` = 'App\\Models\\Subject' and `mediable_id` in (15155, 15169, 15170, 15171)
        Bindings
        • 0: App\Models\Subject
        • 1: 15155
        • 2: 15169
        • 3: 15170
        • 4: 15171
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:325
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:76
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectRepository.php#340satt_satt_mobile_app140μsselect `videos`.`video_src_url`, `mediables`.`mediable_id` as `chapter_id` from `videos` inner join `mediables` on `mediables`.`mediable_id` = `videos`.`id` where `videos`.`id` = 0 and `videos`.`video_src` = 'youtube' and `videos`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 0
        • 1: youtube
        Backtrace
        • app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:340
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:77
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
      • SubjectService.php#82satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect `id`, `name`, `main_category_id`, `slug` from `subjects` where `id` <> 15155 and `parent_id` = 14975 and `main_category_id` = 3 and `subjects`.`deleted_at` is null limit 5
        Bindings
        • 0: 15155
        • 1: 14975
        • 2: 3
        Backtrace
        • app/Services/SubjectService.php:82
        • app/Http/Controllers/Academy/SubjectController.php:105
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:44
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:266
      • restrict.blade.php#30satt_satt_mobile_app200μsselect * from `package_plans` where `status` = 'active' and `package_plans`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: active
        Backtrace
        • view::includes.restrict:30
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:75
      App\Models\Subject
      640Subject.php#?
      App\Models\Question
      16Question.php#?
      App\Models\QuestionOption
      16QuestionOption.php#?
      App\Models\SubjectDescription
      9SubjectDescription.php#?
      App\Models\PackagePlan
      3PackagePlan.php#?
      App\Models\User
      2User.php#?
      App\Models\SubCategory
      1SubCategory.php#?
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